Wilms Tumor Ppt New Patched

| Feature | Wilms Tumor | Mesoblastic Nephroma | Rhabdoid Tumor | Clear Cell Sarcoma | |---------|-------------|----------------------|----------------|--------------------| | Age | 1–5 yrs | <3 months | <2 yrs | 1–4 yrs | | Prognosis | Excellent | Excellent | Poor (brain mets) | Intermediate | | Histology | Triphasic | Spindle cells | Eosinophilic inclusions | Clear cells | | Association | WT1, Beckwith-Wiedemann | None | INI1 mutation | YWHAE fusion |

The Children’s Oncology Group (COG) and the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) categorize Wilms tumor based on favorable versus unfavorable histology:

The COG approach (formerly NWTSG) performs prior to initiation of chemotherapy, with staging and risk assessment based primarily on surgical and pathological findings.

Radiation therapy is predominantly used in advanced disease (stage III and IV) and for anaplastic histology. Current approaches aim to minimize radiation exposure while maintaining efficacy. wilms tumor ppt new

: Wilms tumor is a malignant embryonic tumor of the kidney that accounts for about 90% of pediatric renal tumors. : Most commonly diagnosed in children aged 3 to 4 years , with 90% of cases appearing before age six. : Occurs in approximately 1 in 10,000 children globally. Risk Factors

Other risk factors include age <5 years, congenital urogenital anomalies, family history of Wilms tumor, and antenatal exposure to harmful environmental factors.

>85% avoid dialysis; 10-year survival ~80%. | Feature | Wilms Tumor | Mesoblastic Nephroma

Bilateral renal involvement at the time of initial diagnosis. 6. Modern Risk Stratification and Biomarkers

Research into circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in blood and urine is ongoing. Liquid biopsies may soon allow clinicians to monitor treatment response, detect minimal residual disease, and catch relapses early without relying solely on repeated radiation-heavy imaging scans. Long-Term Survivorship Care

: Usually painless, firm, smooth, and non-tender (83% of cases). Abdominal Pain : Occurs in ~37% of patients. : Wilms tumor is a malignant embryonic tumor

An overgrowth disorder characterized by macrosomia, macroglossia, omphalocele, organomegaly, and hemihypertrophy. It is linked to genomic imprinting alterations on chromosome 11p15.5 (involving IGF2 and H19 ). Children with BWS carry an increased risk for Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, and neuroblastoma.

Staging for Wilms tumor is based on the anatomical extent of the disease, not genetics, and is crucial for determining postoperative treatment. The table below compares the two systems:

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