Subcutaneous fat stores and skeletal muscle protein are catabolized to provide energy and amino acids for gluconeogenesis. The liver continues to synthesize serum proteins like albumin, preventing fluid shifts. Clinical Features:

Complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals microcytic or macrocytic anemia due to concurrent iron, folate, or B12 deficiencies. Biochemistry: Serum albumin (profoundly depressed in Kwashiorkor,

In conclusion, Protein Energy Malnutrition is a significant public health problem that requires attention and action. By understanding the causes, symptoms, effects, and prevention strategies of PEM, we can work towards reducing the burden of this condition and promoting optimal nutrition for all. We hope that this article and PPT have provided a comprehensive overview of PEM and will inspire action to prevent this condition.

Marked apathy, lethargy, and misery. The child resists interaction and refuses food.

Lack of access to nutritious food.

Do use standard IV fluids unless the child is in shock. Use ReSoMal (Rehydration Solution for Malnutrition) orally or via nasogastric tube slowly. 4. Correct Electrolyte Imbalance

Caused by inadequate dietary intake of nutrients. This is heavily tied to socioeconomic factors, food insecurity, poverty, ignorance, and early weaning.

) or Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (), a peanut-butter-based paste. Target aggressive caloric intakes of to promote rapid weight gain. 9. Provide Sensory Stimulation

. It most commonly affects children under five years old and is classified into two main clinical forms: (severe wasting) and Kwashiorkor (edema due to protein deficiency). Slideshare Core Presentation Content

A comprehensive assessment requires a combination of physical measurements and laboratory evaluation. Anthropometric Measurements

Conditions causing malabsorption or increased metabolic rates. 4. Clinical Features and Diagnosis

Principles of Treatment Content:

Comprehensive Guide to Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM): Pathophysiology, Classification, and Management Clinical Slide Deck Outline